ASPI, 01 March 2020. Remove all; Disconnect; – excessive hours, such as after-work Mandarin language classes and political indoctrination sessions that are part of job assignments. A person with knowledge of a Uyghur labour transfer program in Fujian told Bitter Winter, a religious and human rights, , that the workers were all former ‘re-education camp’ detainees and were threatened with further detention if they disobeyed the government’s work assignments. Uyghurs for Sale. On HYP’s corporate website, it advertises strategic partnerships with the Italian–South Korean fashion label Fila, German sportswear companies Adidas and Puma, and Nike. In some cases, local governments in Xinjiang send Chinese Communist Party (, ) cadres to simultaneously surveil workers’ families back home in Xinjiang. ASPI found evidence that inside the factories, the workers’ ideology and behaviour are closely monitored. This research report draws on open-source Chinese-language documents, satellite imagery analysis, academic research and on-the-ground media reporting. Some brands are linked with multiple factories. © World Uyghur Congress document.write(new Date().getFullYear()); This report estimates that more than 80,000 Uyghurs were transferred out of Xinjiang to work in factories across China between 2017 and 2019, and some of them were sent directly from detention camps. Foreign governments, businesses and civil society groups should identify opportunities to increase pressure on the Chinese government to end the use of Uyghur forced labour and extrajudicial detentions. Vicky Xiuzhong Xu, Australian Strategic Policy Institute . Photographs of the factory in January 2020 published by the newspaper show that the complex was equipped with watchtowers, razor wire and inward-facing barbed-wire fences. Taekwang’s primary customer is the American multinational company Nike Incorporated. This report exposes a new phase in China’s social re-engineering campaign targeting minority citizens, revealing new evidence that some factories across China are using forced Uyghur labour under a state-sponsored labour transfer scheme that is tainting the global supply chain. Archives Even in the 2000s, well before the ‘re-education camp’ system was created, working and living conditions for transferred Uyghur workers were often exploitative, if not abusive.72 Rights groups criticised the programs as coercive, highlighting how they intentionally removed Uyghurs from their homes and traditional way of life, only to force the workers to endure the long working hours, poor conditions, predatory bosses and discriminatory attitudes of their Han co-workers. What’s the problem? International Cyber Policy Centre, 2020 . The audits and inspections should include a stocktake of the conditions and current and ongoing safety of vulnerable workers, – if it finds that factories are implicated in forced labour, seek to use its leverage to address improper labour practices. Abercrombie & Fitch “does not believe” it sources from either of the two other factories named by ASPI as its suppliers, the spokesman said. ASPI analysed the volume of results returned by the Chinese search engine Baidu98 when we searched for keywords related to labour transfer schemes. Foreign governments, businesses and civil society groups should identify opportunities to increase pressure on the Chinese government to end the use of Uyghur forced labour and extrajudicial detentions. In January 2020, around 600 ethnic minority workers from Xinjiang were employed at Qingdao Taekwang Shoes Co. Ltd (青岛泰光制鞋有限公司). In February 2019, a company based in Qingdao published a notice advertising a large number of ‘government-led … qualified, secure and reliable’ Uyghur workers for transfer to some 10 provinces in China. Uyghurs for sale Policy report. Uyghurs for sale 1 Mar 2020. According to the company’s 2018 annual report, Highbroad’s main products are components for flat panel displays—the LCD and OLED screens used in many smartphones, tablets and computers. Upon the workers’ arrival, a senior communist party official visited the Hubei Yihong factory. – if it finds that factories are implicated in forced labour, seek to use its leverage to address improper labour practices. They discuss their open-source research approach and the impact the report has had. Greg Combet: Victoria’s 2030 target leads Australia on climate action, Madonna King: If I had the chance, this is what I’d ask my mum this Mother’s Day, Alan Kohler: When government ‘debt’ isn’t really debt at all, Scott Morrison’s sermon was a carefully planned speech, not a moment of unguarded sincerity, Dennis Atkins: Morrison’s ‘tough guy’ stance on India has backfired badly, Over-50s can now get vaccinated. March 1, 2020 November 11, 2020 2 min read ‘Re-education’, forced labour and surveillance beyond Xinjiang. Author: Australian Strategic Policy Institute . Referred to as ‘surplus labour’ (富余劳动力) or ‘poverty-stricken labour’ (贫困劳动力), Uyghur workers are often transported across China in special segregated trains, and in most cases are returned home by the same method after their contracts end a year or more later. The job transfers are now an integral part of the ‘re-education’ process, which the Chinese government calls ‘vocational training’. ASPI, 01 Mar 2020. Where companies responded before publication, we have included their relevant clarifications in this report. Uyghurs for sale By The Australian Strategic Policy Institute. Receiving factories across China are also compensated by the Xinjiang government, receiving a Ұ1,000 (US$144.16) cash inducement for each worker they contract for a year, and Ұ5,000 (US$720.80) for a three-year contract. This situation poses new risks—reputational and legal—for companies and consumers purchasing goods from China, as products made in any part of the country, not just in Xinjiang, may have passed through the hands of forced labourers. If any company responses are made available after publication of the report, we will address these online. Numerous sources, including government documents, show that transferred workers are assigned minders and have limited freedom of movement. Leadership This report exposes a new phase in China’s social re-engineering campaign targeting minority citizens, revealing new evidence that some factories across China are using forced Uyghur labour under a state-sponsored labour transfer scheme that is tainting the global supply chain. Figure 7 illustrates a steady increase since 2014 (the year hardline CCP Secretary Chen Quanguo arrived in Xinjiang), and an even more dramatic increase from 2017 as the ‘re-education’ process ramped up. RecommendationsThe response to the abuses identified in this report should not involve a knee-jerk rejection of Uyghur or Chinese labour. The Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), in their new report Uyghurs for sale: ‘Re-education’, forced labor and surveillance beyond Xinjiang, examine the Chinese government’s outsourcing of forced Uyghur labor from their vast network of ‘re-education camps’. In the letter, which was written in Mandarin, the Uyghur workers described themselves as being mired in poverty before being sent to Qingdao and express gratitude that they were now able to earn a monthly salary of Ұ2,850 (US$413, above the minimum wage in China). Highbroad notes that 79.19% of its operating revenue comes from sales to the Beijing-based multinational company BOE Technology Group Co. Ltd (京东方), which is one of the world’s largest producers of electronic displays. The Chinese government has facilitated the mass transfer of Uyghur and other ethnic minority1 citizens from the far west region of Xinjiang to factories across the country. Uyghurs for sale, Hacker News. ASPI notes that a small number of brands including Abercrombie & Fitch advised they have instructed their vendors to terminate their relationships with these suppliers in 2020. It also extracts information from a WeChat group and an unnamed smartphone app that tracks the movements and activities of each worker. Financial subsidies and political inducements were offered to mobilise wealthier provinces and cities to pair up with cities and prefectures in Xinjiang in order to ‘aid’ the region’s development and stability. The letter goes on to say that, since arriving in Qingdao, the workers had learned the dangers of religious extremism and now see a ‘beautiful life ahead of them’. According to Highbroad’s website their customers include Japan Display Inc. and LG Display. While neither Hubei Yihong nor its parent company is included in Apple’s supplier list, Hubei Yihong’s website lists GoerTek, which directly supplies Apple with AirPods, as one of their customers. Each company listed in this report should: – conduct immediate and thorough human rights due diligence on its factory labour in China, including robust and independent social audits and inspections. They eat in a separate canteen or a Muslim restaurant across the road from the factory, where the ‘halal’ signs have been crossed out. The data is based on published supplier lists, media reports, and the factories’ claimed suppliers. In response to the unrest, the Chinese government began holding regular national ‘Xinjiang Aid’ conferences in 2010. By continuing to use our site you are agreeing to our. Michael Pascoe: Where’s the pay rise to offset our labour shortage? Where companies responded before publication, we have included their relevant clarifications in this report. Since the early 2000s, the Chinese government has mobilised wealthier coastal provinces and cities to develop frontier regions such as Xinjiang and Tibet, and actively encouraged the movement of workers in the name of promoting ‘inter-ethnic fusion’ (民族交融) and ‘poverty alleviation’ (扶贫). However, a September 2019 report by New York-based China Labour Watch said contract workers at Foxconn’s Zhengzhou factory—which includes Uyghur workers—put in at least 100 overtime hours a month.125 Over the past decade, Foxconn has been marred by allegations of worker exploitation and even suicides, including recently at its Zhengzhou facility. In 2018, 544 Uyghurs were transferred from Guma county to a Highbroad subsidiary, also in Hefei, called Fuying Photoelectric Co. Ltd (合肥福映光电有限公司). The Zhengzhou facility reportedly makes half of the world’s iPhones and is the reason why Zhengzhou city is dubbed the ‘iPhone city’. Watch Queue Queue. The compound increased in size, adding new dormitories and factory warehouses while significant security features were added through the introduction of secure ‘military-style management’. Xiuzhong Xu, Danielle Cave, James Leibold, Kelsey Munro, Nathan Ruser. The Chinese government’s official data on labour transfer includes transfers from southern Xinjiang to northern Xinjiang, transfers from Xinjiang to other provinces, and transfers to local factories. The data is based on published supplier lists, media reports, and the factories’ claimed suppliers. What’s the problem? The Chinese government has facilitated the mass transfer of Uyghur and other ethnic minority citizens from the far west region of Xinjiang to factories across the country. Year Published: 2020 This is a further suggestion that the labour transfer program has become an increasingly important political priority for the Chinese government in recent years. These labour transfer schemes also present a challenge to the reputation of Chinese brands overseas. At Fuying, according to state media, Aynur Memetyusup, a young Uyghur woman, learned to improve her Mandarin and workplace discipline and to take daily showers that made ‘her long hair more flowing than ever.’ She is quoted as saying, ‘Like President Xi has said, happiness is always the result of struggle.’. The report also revealed that Chinese government officials and private brokers were paid a price per head for workers on the labour assignments. Political indoctrination is a key part of their job assignments (see page 21). ‘Uyghurs for sale’: Report exposes forced labour beyond Xinjiang, implicating major brands. Aside from political incentives, the business of ‘buying’ and ‘selling’ Uyghur labour can be quite lucrative for local governments and commercial brokers. In light of this report’s findings, we make the following recommendations. Following further violence and the mass detention of Uyghurs in early 2017. the ‘Xinjiang Aid’ agenda became a top political priority. How do they secure the integrity of their supply chains and protect their brands from the reputational and legal risks of being associated with forced, discriminatory or abusive labour practices? It is unclear how the Uyghur workers are treated at the Zhengzhou facility. The Washington Post has reported that Uyghurs working at the factory were not allowed to go home for holidays. In this episode, we hear from Vicky Xu, Kelsey Munro and Nathan Ruser of ASPI’s International Cyber Policy Centre. In recent years, transfers from Xinjiang to other parts of China have increased steadily. Between 2017 and 2019 at least 80,000 Uyghur workers were transferred out of Xinjiang and assigned to factories through labour transfer programs under a central government policy known as ‘Xinjiang Aid’, the ASPI report said. The transfer of Uyghur labour to Anhui was part of a ‘Xinjiang Aid’ project organised by the Guangdong government, which also involved HYP setting up a highly secure factory in Xinjiang’s Shule (Yengixahar) county. The latest report titled “Uyghurs For Sale”, from the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, reveals a vast network of companies complicit in the mass detention of Uighurs and other Turkic people. It is vital that, as these problems are addressed, Uyghur labourers are not placed in positions of greater harm or, for example, involuntarily transferred back to Xinjiang, where their safety cannot necessarily be guaranteed. The rapid expansion of the nationwide system of Uyghur labour presents a new challenge for foreign companies operating in China. This report it titled Uyghurs for Sale and you can see the main details here. Outside work hours, they attend factory-organised Mandarin language classes, participate in ‘patriotic education’, and are prevented from practising their religion. The problem is the policies that require Uyghurs to work under duress in violation of well-established international labour laws. – identify opportunities to increase pressure on the Chinese government to end the use and facilitation of Uyghur forced labour and mass extrajudicial detention, including through the use of targeted sanctions on senior officials responsible for Xinjiang’s coercive labour transfers, – review trade agreements to restrict commodities and products being produced with forced labour, -identify opportunities to pressure the Chinese government into ratifying the Convention on Forced Labour, 1930 (No. Taekwang’s primary customer is the American multinational company Nike Incorporated. Unspecified sellers in China are increasingly using online venues to advertise Uyghurs for sale in “batches of 50 to 100 workers,” Sky News revealed on Friday. In January 2020, around 600 ethnic minority workers from Xinjiang were employed at Qingdao Taekwang Shoes Co. Ltd (青岛泰光制鞋有限公司). Uyghurs for sale Thom Holwerda 2020-03-02 In the News 18 Comments The Chinese government has facilitated the mass transfer of Uyghur and other ethnic minority citizens from the far west region of Xinjiang to factories across the country. The Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) has identified 27 factories in nine Chinese provinces that are using Uyghur labour transferred from Xinjiang since 2017. Uyghurs For Sale. Aside from political incentives, the business of ‘buying’ and ‘selling’ Uyghur labour can be quite lucrative for local governments and commercial brokers. In all cases where harm has occurred, it should take appropriate and immediate remedial action. In all, ASPI’s research has identified 83 foreign and Chinese companies directly or indirectly benefiting from the use of Uyghur workers outside Xinjiang through potentially abusive labour transfer programs as recently as 2019: Abercrombie & Fitch, Acer, Adidas, Alstom, Amazon, Apple, ASUS, B, C Motor, BMW, Bombardier, Bosch, BYD, Calvin Klein, Candy, Carter’s, Cerruti 1881, Changan Automobile, Cisco, CRRC, Dell, Electrolux, Fila, Founder Group, GAC Group (automobiles), Gap, Geely Auto, General Electric, General Motors, Google, H&M, Haier, Hart Schaffner Marx, Hisense, Hitachi, HP, HTC, Huawei, iFlyTek, Jack & Jones, Jaguar, Japan Display Inc., L.L.Bean, Lacoste, Land Rover, Lenovo, LG, Li-Ning, Mayor, Meizu, Mercedes-Benz, MG, Microsoft, Mitsubishi, Mitsumi, Nike, Nintendo, Nokia, The North Face, Oculus, Oppo, Panasonic, Polo Ralph Lauren, Puma, Roewe, S. C Motor, Samsung, SGMW, Sharp, Siemens, Skechers, Sony, TDK, Tommy Hilfiger, Toshiba, Tsinghua Tongfang, Uniqlo, Victoria’s Secret, Vivo, Volkswagen, Xiaomi, Zara, Zegna, ZTE. In such circumstances, it is unlikely that their work arrangements are voluntary. The sprawling Taekwang factory compound is located in Laixi City, to the north of Qingdao in China’s Shandong province, and is owned by the Taekwang Group, a South Korean chemical and textile conglomerate (chaebol). China has attracted international condemnation for its network of extrajudicial ‘re-education camps’ in Xinjiang. A local government work report from 2019 reads: ‘For every batch [of workers] that is trained, a batch of employment will be arranged and a batch will be transferred. Mobile: +49-176-8056-9329. In 2017, another electronics company that claims to make components for Apple’s supplier, Hefei Highbroad Advanced Material Co. Ltd (翰博高新材料（合肥）股份有限公司, Highbroad) signed a contract with the Hotan government to take in 1,000 Uyghurs each year for the next three years, according to the company’s vice president. Relevant indicators in the case of Uyghur workers may include:– being subjected to intimidation and threats, such as the threat of arbitrary detention, and being monitored by security personnel and digital surveillance tools, – being placed in a position of dependency and vulnerability, such as by threats to family members back in Xinjiang, – having freedom of movement restricted, such as by fenced-in factories and high-tech surveillance, – isolation, such as living in segregated dormitories and being transported in dedicated trains. ASPI reached out to these 83brands to confirm their relevant supplier details.
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